Pfupiso
Munzira yekubvisa simbi inonzi longwall mining, nzvimbo yekuchera simbi yakareba (inowanzova pakati pe100 ne300m asi inogona kureba) inogadzirwa nekufambisa mugwagwa nemakona ekurudyi pakati pemigwagwa miviri inoumba mativi eblock relongwall, neruboshwe rumwe rwemugwagwa mutsva uyu ruchiumba nzvimbo relongwall. Kana michina ye longwall face yaiswa, marasha anogona kuburitswa pamwe chete nehurefu hwese hwechiso muzvidimbu zvehupamhi hwakapihwa (zvinonzi "web" yemarasha). Nzvimbo ye longwall yemazuva ano inotsigirwa nezvitsigiro zvinofambiswa ne hydraulically uye zvitsigiro izvi zvinofambiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti zvitsigire chiso chitsva sezvo zvidimbu zvichitorwa, zvichibvumira chikamu chakambocherwa marasha uye chakatsigirwa kuti chiparare (kuva goaf). Maitiro aya anodzokororwa nguva dzose, web neweb, nokudaro achibvisa zvachose rectangular block yemarasha, kureba kweblock zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakawanda (ona zvinyorwa zvinotevera)
Sisitimu yekutakura marasha yakaiswa pamusoro pechiso, pazviso zvemazuva ano "armoured face conveyor kana AFC". Migwagwa inoumba mativi eblock inonzi "gate roads". Mugwagwa unoiswa main panel conveyor unonzi "main gate" (kana "maingate"), nemugwagwa uri kumucheto wakatarisana unonzi "tail gate" (kana "tailgate") road.
Mabhenefiti ekuchera madziro marefu zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekuchera matombo emuchindwe ndeaya:
• Zvitsigiro zvechigarire zvinongodiwa chete muchikamu chekutanga chekushanda uye panguva yekuisa nekugadzirisa. Zvimwe zvinotsigiro zvedenga (zvitsigiro zvemadziro marefu kana nhoo pamadziro marefu emazuva ano) zvinotamiswa uye zvinotamiswa pamwe chete nezvishandiso zvekumeso.
• Kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa kwakakwira zvikuru - mudzidziso 100% yebundu remarasha riri kuburitswa, kunyangwe mukuita kwechokwadi nguva dzose paine marasha anodururwa kana kubuda kubva muhurongwa hwekutakura kumeso anorasikira mugomba, kunyanya kana paine mvura yakawanda pachiso.
• Masisitimu ekuchera matongo eLongwall anokwanisa kugadzira zvinhu zvakakosha kubva kurutivi rumwe chete rwematongo - matani mamiriyoni masere pagore kana kupfuura.
• Kana ichishanda nemazvo, marasha anocherwa nenzira yakarongeka, inoenderera mberi uye inodzokororwa, iyo yakakodzera kudzora matanda uye mabasa ekuchera anoenderana nawo.
• Mari yevashandi/matani anogadzirwa yakaderera
Zvakashata ndeizvi:
• Kune mutengo wepamusoro wemidziyo, kunyange zvazvo zvichida usina kukwira sekutanga kana tichienzanisa nehuwandu hwemayuniti emugodhi anoenderera mberi anodiwa kuti abudise muchina wakafanana.
• Mashandiro anonyanya kurongeka ("mazai ese ari mudengu rimwe chete")
• Matanda marefu haachinjiki zvakanyanya uye "haaregereri" - haagadzirise kusagadzikana kwemusono zvakanaka; migwagwa yemagedhi inofanira kufambiswa zvakanaka kana zvikasadaro matambudziko achamuka; mamiriro akanaka echiso anowanzoenderana nekugadzirwa kunoramba kuripo, saka matambudziko anokonzera kunonoka anogona kuwedzera kuita zviitiko zvikuru.
• Nekuda kwekusaregerera kwema longwalls, vashandi vane ruzivo rwakakosha kuti mabasa abudirire.
Sarudzo huru inofanira kuitwa ndeyehukuru hwemabhuroko emadziro marefu. Nekuti mabhuroko emazuva ano anosanganisira michina yakawanda (nhamba yehukuru hwemazana ezvinhu, ine zvikamu zvakawanda zvinorema kusvika matani makumi matatu kana kupfuura), maitiro ekutora michina kubva mubhuroko rapera, kuiendesa kubhuroko idzva wozoiisa mubhuroko idzva (kazhinji neyakawanda yacho ichibviswa mumugodhi kuti igadziriswe) ibasa guru kwazvo. Kunze kwemutengo wakananga unobatanidzwa, kugadzirwa uye nekudaro mari inowanikwa haisi zero munguva ino. Mabhuroko makuru emadziro marefu achaita kuti huwandu hwekutamiswa huderedzwe, zvisinei pane zvinhu zvinogumira pahukuru hwemabhuroko emadziro marefu:
• Kana chiso chakareba, simba rinodiwa pahurongwa hwekutakura marasha emuchadenga (ona zvinyorwa zvinotevera paAFC's). Simba guru, saizi yemuviri yemadhiraivha (kazhinji pane dhiraivha kumativi ese echiso). Madhiraivha anofanirwa kukwana munzvimbo yekuchera uye kubvumira nzvimbo yekupinda nepamberi pawo, yekufambisa mhepo kumeso uye yekuvhara denga kusvika pasi. Uyewo simba rakakura, simba guru (uye nekudaro rinorema)cheni dzemigodhipachinhu chinofambisa simbi - idzi cheni dzesimbi dzakatenderera dzinofanira kubatwa nemaoko pane dzimwe nguva uye pane zvipingamupinyi zvinoshanda maererano nehukuru hwecheni dzemugodhi.
• Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzema longwall, kupisa kunokonzerwa nemadhiraivha ekutakura ane simba guru kunogona kuva chikonzero.
• Upamhi hwechiso nehurefu zvinogona kudzorwa nemiganhu inokonzereswa nemiganhu yekurenda, kusawirirana kwemisungo kana kusiyana, kuvandudzwa kwemugodhi kwatovepo uye/kana kugona kwemhepo.
• Kugona kwemugodhi kugadzira mabhuroko matsva emadziro marefu kuitira kuti kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwemadziro marefu kusakanganiswe zvakanyanya.
• Mamiriro emidziyo - kuchinja zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvigadzirwe kana kutsiviwa panguva yehupenyu hwechivako chakareba kunogona kuva dambudziko, uye zvakanaka kuita panguva yekutamiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-27-2022
